Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 18H03622 (2018-2022) Summary Members Outcomes Summary The Middle East, the Arab East in particular, has reached a new stage that can be named as “post-Islamic State stage” after the decline of the Islamic State that has been regarded as “the greatest threat to the international community”. However, this fact doesn’t … Continue reading Roles of the Informal Actors in Reconstruction and/or Destruction of the State: Case Studies of the Arab East